Research Report on Global Energy Interconnection forAddressing Climate Chang

The Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) co-authored the Research Report on Global Energy Interconnection for Addressing Climate Change (the “Report”). This Report includes data and analysis from the report on the State of the Global Climate 2015-2019 prepared by WMO for the September 2019 United Nations Climate Action Summit, and from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, as well as contributions from WMO on climate services for the energy sector. IIASA carries out the GEI scenario simulation through global energy system model using the Integrated Assessment Modelling framework MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM developed by IIASA. GEIDCO is responsible for the overall design of GEI mitigation scenario including mitigation technology selection, mitigation mechanism design, and regional mitigation proposal. GEIDCO also coordinates the report overall, including formulation of the report’s conclusions and suggestions. The Report consists of seven chapters. Chapter 1 describes the scientific facts and impacts of climate change and analyzes its status quo and actions as well as the key role of energy transition in addressing it. Climate service for energy is needed to support the transition to clean energy. This chapter is jointly written by WMO and GEIDCO. Chapter 2 explains the framework and theory of GEI mitigation and puts forward its mechanisms and pathways. Chapter 3 deals with the quantitative analysis of the characteristics and mitigation value of the GEI system by using a comprehensive assessment modelling framework in conjunction with energy system and power system optimization models. Chapter 4 focuses on the GEI mitigation technology portfolio, as well as the development trend and combined use of such technologies as clean replacement, electricity replacement, grid interconnection, energy efficiency enhancement, and carbon removal. Chapter 3 and 4 are jointly written by IIASA and GEIDCO. Chapter 5 studies and proposes key mitigation actions through energy interconnection in different continents based on their respective conditions of climate, resource endowment, and energy and power development. Chapter 6 analyzes the contribution of GEI to economy, society, climate, environment, health and sustainable development. Chapter 7 suggests some innovative mechanisms for addressing climate change, including linking mitigation targets with integrated policy instruments, mobilizing finance resources through the electricity-carbon market, accelerating major projects’ implementation by an innovative mode of “electricity, mining, metallurgy, industry and trade” and adopting new approaches for universal power access to enhance climate resilience.

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